Positive and negative effects of graphite flake and monolayer graphene oxide templates on protein crystallization

Heterogeneous template-induced nucleation is a promising way to regulate protein crystallization events and could be employed for purification processes crystallographic studies. Protein process with graphite graphene oxide, as heterogeneous templates, were investigated. More than 640 hanging drops different concentrations of Lysozyme (30, 50, 70, 100 mg/mL) NaCl (0.7, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5 M) crystallised at 4 °C or without graphite/graphene oxide templates. The induction times observed under the microscope. lysozyme in solutions flakes nucleated faster all conditions equal experimental crystals preferred grow around edge on flat surfaces. In droplets monolayer more appeared particles, slower templates dependent concentrations. Graphene strongly inhibited high but promoted low Both changed crystal morphology kinetics. solution templatesthan any template.